Kufuneka ubenzulu kangakanani uMbhobho woBonelelo lwaManzi

Kufuneka Zifihlwe Njani Imigca Yamanzi? (Thintela Ukubanda & Umonakalo!)

(Kufuneka ubenzulu kangakanani uMbhobho woBonelelo lwaManzi)

Ukuqonda IiMfuno zoBunzulu boMngcwabo waManzi

Ubunzulu obufunekayo bomthombo wamanzi buxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu, ubunzulu beqabaka, iimeko zomhlaba, kunye nemigaqo yokwakha yasekuhlaleni.

Nje, umzila wonikezelo lwamanzi kufuneka zifakwe ngaphantsi komgca weqabaka wasekhaya ukuthintela umonakalo owenziwe yingqele ebusika.

Ubunzulu obuchanekileyo bokungcwaba bamanzi bunceda ukukhusela imibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba ukusuka:

• Amaqondo obushushu abandayo
• Ukushukuma komhlaba
• Ukulayisha kwangaphandle
• Umonakalo wokwemba ngengozi

Ngesi sizathu, iikontraka kufuneka zisoloko zijonga iimfuno zobunzulu bomzila wamanzi wendawo phambi kofakelo.

Ukwemba umsele wemibhobho? Ukufumana ubunzulu belungelo akusoloko kuhambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo. Inento yokwenza nokukhusela unikezelo lwakho lwamanzi kokona kubi kweNdalo kunye nokuthintela iintlekele ezibiza kakhulu. Ungcwatywe ungekho nzulu, kunye nokukhenkceza kwexesha lasebusika kuguqula imibhobho yakho ibe ziipopsicle zomkhenkce zonke zisetelwe ukugqabhuka. Kanye nzulu, kwaye uchitha imali kunye nexesha elingafunekiyo. Ngoko, kanye ubunzulu ngokwaneleyo? Makhe sihlolisise ulwazi olubalulekileyo.

1. Kanye kanye Yintoni ubunzulu boMbhobho weNkqubo yaManzi?

Umbhobho wenkqubo yamanzi ubunzulu buthetha uluhlu olusuka phezulu kumbhobho ukuya kwindawo yomhlaba. Yicinge njengesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo seplanethi esigquma umgca wakho wamanzi. Lo mlinganiselo ubalulekile. Inquma kakuhle indlela umbhobho okhuselwe ngayo kwiindawo ezinokulimaza okanye ukuyeka ukuhamba kwamanzi.

Ubunzulu obugqibeleleyo akulonani elinye elizimeleyo naphi na. Kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindawo yakho yengingqi, ingakumbi kanye ukuba zibande kangakanani iinyanga zakho zasebusika. Umgangatho ophambili ngu “umgca weqabaka” okanye “ubunzulu beqabaka.” Le yeyona ndawo ingaphantsi komhlaba apho umhlaba uba ngumkhenkce ebusika. Umbhobho wakho wamanzi ngokupheleleyo kufuneka uhlale udweliswe ngezantsi kwalo mgca weqabaka. Ukuba ihleli ngaphezulu, amanzi okukhenkceza ngaphakathi kombhobho ayanda. Olu phuhliso luvelisa uxinzelelo olukhulu. Umphezulu wodonga lombhobho awukwazi ukuwubamba. Ziyaphuka okanye zigqabhuke. Umbhobho ogqabhukileyo uthetha ukuba akukho manzi, umsebenzi wokulungisa obiza imali eninzi, kunye nesiphithiphithi esikhulu.

Zininzi nezinye izinto ezichaphazelayo. Luhlobo luni lomhlaba onalo? Umhlaba oyisanti ukhupha amanzi ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunodongwe olunzima. Ingakanani itrafikhi yewebhu ehamba phezu kwendawo? Umbhobho ophantsi kwe-driveway ufuna ukhuseleko oluninzi kunomnye ophantsi kwe-flowerbed. Ngaba kukho amatye okanye imvelaphi yemithi? Ezi nazo zinokubeka emngciphekweni umbhobho ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ubunzulu ngumgca wakho wokuqala wokukhusela kuzo zonke ezi zoyikiso.

Umzobo wobunjineli obunqamlezileyo obonisa ufakelo lombhobho ongundoqo wamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ngaphantsi komgca weqabaka nomandlalo wesanti ukunqanda umonakalo womkhenkce.

2. Kutheni ubunzulu boMbhobho obufanelekileyo buNgaxoxiswana

Ukujonga ubunzulu obufanelekileyo bamkela ubunzima. Olona tshaba lukhulu ngumkhenkce. Amanzi ayanda xa engumkhenkce. Ngaphakathi kumbhobho othintelweyo, olu lwandiso alunandawo yokuya. Umkhenkce utyhala ngaphandle ngamandla angakholelekiyo. Imibhobho yentsimbi inokwahlulwa. Imibhobho yeplastiki inokuqhekeka. Isiphumo siyangqinelana: amanzi ampompoza ngaphantsi komhlaba xa umkhenkce ugqabhuka. Usenokungaboni kwangoko. Umonakalo unokufihlwa de ubone ingca emanzi, iindleko ezinkulu zamanzi, okanye okubi ngakumbi, ukukhukuliseka kwigumbi lakho elingaphantsi. Ukulungisa umbhobho ogqabhukileyo ofihliweyo inani leenyawo ezinzulu kuyaphazamisa kwaye kuyabiza.

Ukubanda akukuphela kwesoyikiso. Imibhobho engcwatyiweyo nayo ingaphaya kwamandla ethu isengozini yokonakala ngokwasemzimbeni. Cinga nje ngomntu ogrumba ngokungakhathali ukuze atyale umthi okanye aqabe ngocingo. Umgca wamanzi ongaphezulu kulula kakhulu ukubetha. Iinqwelo-mafutha ezinzima eziqhuba phezu kombhobho ongekho ngqiqweni zinokuwuxina ngokuthe ngcembe, ngakumbi ukuba ukungcola akuhambanga kakuhle. Izixhobo zokucheba utyani, izixhobo zokwakha, kananjalo ukulima ngokuzimisela kunokubeka imingcipheko. Iimpuku zisenako ukufumana imibhobho engekho nzulu lula ukuyifunxa.

Ubunzulu obufanelekileyo bunika isethingi ekhuselekileyo. Amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi komhlaba ngaphantsi kweqabaka ahlala engaguquguquki. Oku kukhusela umbhobho kumaqondo obushushu obugqithisileyo okwenzeka kumphezulu. Ikwanciphisa nengozi yomonakalo ongalindelekanga ovela kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ukufumana ubunzulu obuchanekileyo kungokunyanisekileyo malunga nokuthembeka okungapheliyo kunye nokuthuthuzela. Ikhusela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kwaye igcina imali.

3. Ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokumisela & Finyelela Ubunzulu obuchanekileyo

Ukufumana inombolo yomlingo kuqala ngobunzulu bomgca weqabaka yengingqi. Oku akusiyo ingcamango. Iphuhliswa ngokuphuhlisa iikhowudi ezisekelwe kwidatha yemozulu yembali. Uyifumana njani? Fowunela isebe lakho lesakhiwo sengingqi okanye uvumele iofisi. Bangakwazisa ngobuncinane ubunzulu bokungcwatywa obufunekayo bokubonelela ngemibhobho yamanzi kwindawo yakho ethile. Lo ngummiselo. Kufuneka uyifezekise okanye uyigqithise.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwimimandla ebanda ngokwenene (njengasemantla e-US naseCanada), imibhobho idla ngokufuna ukufihlwa ubuncinane 4 ukuya 6 iinyawo nzulu. Kwiimozulu ezithobekileyo, 2 ukuya 3 iinyawo zinokwanela. Kwiindawo ezipholileyo ezisemazantsi ezinomngcipheko omncinci wokukhenkceza, ubunzulu busenokuba nzulu njenge 12 ukuya 18 intshi, ukanti iikhowudi zengingqi zihlala zisisikhokelo. Ungaze ucinge. Jonga rhoqo.

Xa uqaphela ubunzulu obufunekayo, lungisa umsele. Yimbe i-intshi ezimbalwa nzulu kakhulu kunokuba ikhowudi ifuna. Ngoba? Udinga indawo yomaleko wokulala. Indawo malunga 2-4 i-intshi zesanti okanye ilitye elikhulu elityumkileyo ekupheleni komsele. Le bhedi yelinen isekela umbhobho ngokulinganayo kunye nobukhulu bayo bonke, ukukhusela kuxinzelelo kunye neemeko zokuxhalaba apho kunokuphumla etyeni. Beka umbhobho ngobunono kule linen yebhedi.

Khetha imveliso yombhobho efanelekileyo. Kwimigca yamanzi efihliweyo, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo lubhedu (yomelele kodwa inexabiso), I-PEX (izinto ezininzi, Ukunyamezela umkhenkce ukuya kumlinganiselo othile), kwaye I-PVC okanye CPVC (iplastiki engenakuguquguquka, isebenza kakuhle emalini). Qinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli ibekwe kwinqanaba lokungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo. Emva kokubeka umbhobho, gcwalisa ngokupheleleyo. Ekuqaleni, hlamba umhlaba wembiwe nzulu ngezigaba, ukuyicinezela ngobunono phantsi malunga nombhobho (thintela ukubetha umbhobho!). Susa amatye amakhulu. Injongo ikhuselekile, ubumdaka obucinezelweyo obujikeleze umbhobho ngaphandle kwezithuba. Ekugqibeleni, phawula ummandla wombhobho ofihliweyo ngokucacileyo phezu komhlaba. Oku kunceda wonke umntu ukuba ahlale ekhululekile ukumba kuyo kamva.

Umbono wofakelo oluvaliweyo lombhobho wonikezelo lwamanzi obekwe kumandlalo wesanti ngaphakathi kumsele oneteyiphu yokulinganisa ebonisa ubunzulu obuchanekileyo bokungcwaba.

Unzulu kangakanani ukuNgcwaba umgca waManzi?

Ubunzulu obufunekayo kumgca wamanzi ongcwatyiweyo buhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo.

Kwiimozulu ezibandayo, imigca yamanzi idla ngokufuna ufakelo olunzulu ukuze uhlale ngaphantsi komgca weqabaka. Kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ubunzulu bokungcwaba bunokwamkeleka.

Imiba eqhelekileyo echaphazela ubunzulu bomngcwabo ibandakanya:

Ubunzulu bokugqibela kufuneka buhlale bulandela iikhowudi zokwakha zendawo kunye neenkcukacha zeprojekthi.

4. Apho Umgaqo-nkqubo woBunzulu boMbhobho uyahluka (Usetyenziso)

Ngelixa umgca weqabaka uyisikhokelo esiphambili, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zifuna uhlengahlengiso oluncinci. Indawo ibalulekile. Ubunzulu obufunekayo buguqulwa kakhulu kwiindawo zemozulu. Iprojekthi eMinnesota ifuna imibhobho enzulu kakhulu kunenye yaseFlorida. Iindawo ezisezintabeni zinemozulu ebanda kakhulu kuneentlambo ezikufutshane. Hlala uthobela ikhowudi yesayithi yakho yeprojekthi ethile.

Uhlobo lomgca wamanzi lubalulekile. Umgca omkhulu wamanzi ozisa amanzi ukusuka esitratweni ukuya kwikhaya lakho uneemfuno ezingqongqo zobunzulu. Sisakhelo esibalulekileyo. Imigca yokunkcenkceshela yengca yakho okanye iyadi inokufihlwa kancinci kancinci, ukanti basathatha ithuba lokubanda xa bengaphaya komgca weqabaka. Soloko ugxininise kubunzulu bomgca wonikezelo oluphambili.

Iimeko zomhlaba wengingqi zidlala indima. Imijelo yobumdaka obusanti ilungile kodwa inokutshintsha ngaphezulu. Ubumdaka bodongwe bugcina amanzi kwaye buyanda xa bufumile, mhlawumbi imibhobho yokurhafisa. Kumhlaba orhabaxa ngokwenene, ubunzulu belinen zebhedi ezongezelelweyo bubalulekile ukukhusela umbhobho. Iitafile eziphezulu zamanzi zinokufuna ukutywinwa okukodwa okanye iintlobo zemibhobho, nangona ubunzulu buqhubeka bunxulunyaniswa nokhuseleko lweqabaka.

Ukhuseleko lwezozakuzo lukhona. Ukuqhuba umbhobho phantsi kwendlela okanye indlela? Ufuna ubunzulu obongezelelweyo– rhoqo okongeziweyo 6 ukuya 12 intshi– okanye kufuneka asebenzise umkhono okhuselayo (indlela) ngenxa yomthwalo onzima ngaphezulu. Iindawo ezisesichengeni sokhukuliseko zinokufuna umngcwabo onzulu okanye iindlela zokuzinzisa. Soloko uncokola neengcali zasekuhlaleni kwiimeko ezizodwa. Ummiselo uthe ngqo: xa uthandabuzayo, ukugrumba nzulu okanye ubuze umvavanyi wesakhiwo sakho.

Izicelo zemibhobho yamanzi e-HDPE phantsi komhlaba

Kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, Imibhobho yamanzi ye-HDPE zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo, ukumelana nomhlwa, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.

Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho yentsimbi yemveli, Imibhobho ye-HDPE inokuziqhelanisa bhetele nokunyakaza okuncinci komhlaba kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki zokugcinwa kwe-corrosion.

Nangona kunjalo, ubunzulu bofako obuchanekileyo, ukukala uxinzelelo, kunye neendlela zokubuyisela umva zisabalulekile ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide.

Uthelekiso lolwazi lwemibhobho yamanzi yokungcwaba ubunzulu kwiindawo ezibandayo ngokuchasene nemozulu eshushu kunye nokufakelwa kwecasing ekhuselayo phantsi kwedriveways

5. Iimpendulo eziKhawulezayo kwiMibhobho yeSiqhelo Imibuzo yobunzulu

Abantu bahlala bebuza izinto ezifanayo malunga nokufihla imibhobho yamanzi. Nazi iimpendulo ezicacileyo:

1. Ngaba ndingayifihla ngokulula 2 iinyawo nzulu kuyo yonke indawo?

Hayi. Oku kungaphaya kwemozulu eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha ulandela ikhowudi yakho yasekhaya imfuno yobunzulu beqabaka. 2 iinyawo zinokusebenza eTexas. Iqinisekisa imibhobho yomkhenkce eMichigan.

2. Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokufumana ubunzulu beqabaka kwindawo yam?

Fowunela isixeko okanye icandelo lokwakha kwisiphaluka. Bayalazi inani elichanekileyo logunyaziso. Ukuphonononga izixhobo zekhowudi yokwakha kwi-Intanethi kwindawo yakho ethile okanye indawo ihlala isebenza.

3. Ummelwane wam wafihla ubunzulu bakhe. Ndinga?

Musa ukukopa ummelwane wakho. Umbhobho wabo unokuba ngumkhenkce kwixesha elizayo lasebusika. Iikhowudi zokwakha zikhona zokhuseleko nokhuseleko. Ukhetho lwabo lubeka ingozi yokungaphumeleli. Ukuthobela imigaqo-nkqubo esemthethweni.

4. Ngaba iingcambu zomthi zinokuyonakalisa imibhobho enzulu?

Iqhelekile kakhulu kwimigca yonikezelo enkulu kubunzulu obufanelekileyo. Iingcambu zidla ngokufuna imithombo yamanzi kufuphi nomphezulu. Iingcambu ezinobutshaba ngokwenene okanye imibhobho engekho nzulu iyingozi. Sebenzisa imiqobo yeengcambu ukuba ikhula kufuphi nomgca.

5. Yenza imibhobho yeplastiki (I-PEX/PVC) kufuneka ubunzulu obuncinci kakhulu?

Hayi. Zonke izinto zemibhobho ethwele amanzi zinokugqabhuka ukuba zifakwe umkhenkce. Ngelixa i-PEX ikwazi ukumelana nomkhenkce (inokwanda kancinane), isenokwahlulahlula. Ummiselo wobunzulu beqabaka ubeka kuzo zonke iimveliso. Bangcwabe ngokuchanekileyo.

6. Caba ndibethe ilitye ndisomba?

Unokukhetha. Sebenzisa isixhobo esinzima kakhulu sokumba okanye oomatshini (ngononophelo!). Cinga ngokukhwela itonela phantsi kwelitye. Okanye, thetha nengcali. Musa nje ukubeka umbhobho kwilitye elirhabaxa. Yikhusele ngelinen eyongezelelweyo yokulala okanye umkhono.

(Kufuneka ubenzulu kangakanani uMbhobho woBonelelo lwaManzi)

7. Ndiwukhusela njani umbhobho xa ndigcwalisa ngasemva?

Lahla amatye amakhulu kubumdaka obuhlanjwa ngomhlakulo. Tamp umhlaba ngobunono ujikeleze umbhobho ngokwemigangatho. Kuphephe ukuwisa amagada anzima ngqo kuwo. Qinisekisa ukuba ukungcola kucinezelekile ukuthintela ukuzinza.

Kufuneka Izisombululo zemibhobho yoBonelelo lwaManzi aphantsi komhlaba athembekileyo?

Ukukhetha umbhobho ofanelekileyo wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nendlela yokufakela kubalulekile ekuthembekeni kwexesha elide.

ILuoyang Datang Energy Tech Co., Ltd. inikeza i-PE (HDPE), I-PVC, kunye nemibhobho yePPR kunye nezifakelo zonikezelo lwamanzi, ukukhupha amanzi, kunye neeprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso.

Iqela lethu linokuxhasa abathengi ngokukhetha umbhobho, ukukala uxinzelelo, kunye nezisombululo zesicelo.

Qhagamshelana nathi kwizisombululo zemibhobho ephantsi komhlaba yobuchwephesha.